A bacteria that eats your shingles.
Gloeocapsa magma is a hardy cyanobacteria. It feeds on the limestone filler manufacturers mix into asphalt shingles, and it protects itself with a dark, UV-resistant outer sheath. That sheath is what you see from the street: long black streaks running down the slope of the roof, almost always heaviest on the north-facing side where the sun dries things last.
Once it takes hold, it spreads. Spores travel by wind and by birds from one roof to the next, which is why entire neighborhoods on the Coast end up with the same staining within a few years of each other.

